cash markets

you are selling and buying ownership market e.g. stock, bond

derivatives market

you are entering into a contract that relates to a pricing mechanism

Future contracts

Shorting is something that you dont own.

Winning when price goes down. Loosing when price goes up.

Is the exchange a market maker? (AMM - automated market maker)

Come to the central market or bazaar if you want best price discovery

Decentralized exchanges do not have custody function

Hot wallet

its the software wallet

Cold wallet

its the Hardware wallet / physical wallet. Its disconnected from web.

Order Flows

these are sold to Hedge fund and high frequency trading companies by Robinhood type of companies. This is the same concept as facebook selling advertising data to marketers.